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This paper was aimed to investigate the effect of voluntary wheel running exercise on depression-like behavior induced by chronic water immersion restraint stress (CWIRS) and the underlying mechanism. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats received CWIRS to induce depression-like behavior and 4-week voluntary wheel running exercise. Meanwhile, the rats were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or STAT3 over-expression vector (pcDNA-STAT3) by intracerebroventricular injection. Behavioral tests were used to detect depression-like behavior. ELISA assay was used to detect levels of various inflammatory factors in the rat hippocampus. Western blot was used to detect protein expression levels of ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), arginase 1 (Arg1), phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3) and total STAT3 (t-STAT3). The results showed that, compared with stress group, stress + exercise group exhibited improved depression-like behavior, decreased interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 levels, increased IL-4 and IL-10 levels, down-regulated Iba-1 and iNOS protein expression levels, up-regulated Arg1 protein expression level, and decreased p-STAT3/t-STAT3 ratio in hippocampal tissue. LPS reversed the improving effect of voluntary wheel running exercise on depression-like behavior in rats, and the over-expression of STAT3 reversed the promoting effects of voluntary wheel running on M2 polarization of microglial cells in rat hippocampus and depression-like behavior. These results suggest that voluntary wheel running ameliorates the depression-like behavior induced by CWIRS in rats, and the mechanism may be related to regulating hippocampal microglia polarization via STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Animals , Rats , Depression/etiology , Hippocampus/metabolism , Lipopolysaccharides/metabolism , Microglia/metabolism , Motor Activity , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Signal TransductionABSTRACT
Objective: To analyze the effect of acupuncture versus hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). Methods: China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Academic Journal Full-text Database (Wanfang), Chongqing VIP Database (CQVIP), China Biology Medicine Disc (CBM), Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE) were searched up to January 31st, 2019 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of acupuncture for POI. The primary outcome was the level of basal serum follicle- stimulating hormone (FSH). Secondary outcomes included serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2) and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH). Two authors extracted data independently and assessed the risk of bias and the methodological quality using the Cochrane's tool. Meta-analysis was conducted by RevMan version 5.3. Results: Eight eligible RCTs with a total of 496 POI patients were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled results showed that there was a significant reduction in the basal serum FSH level (MD=-5.82, 95％CI:-9.76 to -1.87, I2=82％, P=0.004) and a remarkable elevation in the basal E2 level (SMD=0.93, 95％CI: 0.34 to 1.52, I2=88％, P=0.002) in the acupuncture group when compared with the control. Subgroup analysis showed that compared with HRT, a significant decrease in the FSH level was observed in both acupuncture alone (MD=-4.53, 95％CI:-8.96 to -0.10, I2=73％, P=0.04) and acupuncture plus HRT (MD=-9.60, 95％CI:-17.60 to -1.61, I2=50％, P=0.02), while a remarkable elevation of E2 was only found in acupuncture plus HRT (SMD=1.43, 95％CI: 1.03 to 1.82, I2=0％, P<0.00001). There was no significant difference in the LH level between acupuncture and HRT (MD=-3.16, 95％CI:-9.41 to 3.10, I2=0％, P=0.32), only one trial reported AMH, and no significant difference was found between acupuncture and HRT. Conclusion: The present study indicated that acupuncture had an advantage over HRT in reducing serum FSH level and increasing serum E2 level in women with POI. However, evidence supporting the finding is limited due to the small sample size, potential methodological flaws and significant heterogeneity. Hence, this conclusion still needs to be verified by high-quality RCTs.
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To explore the basic principles and methods of quality control of clinical registry research in the field of acupuncture. This study drawed on the data quality control methods of clinical trials in the United States and combined clinical practice experience, based on the "International Patient Registry Platform of Acupuncture and Moxibustion", and the registry study of acupuncture treatment for early-onset ovarian insufficiency as a model. The principles of accuracy, authenticity, consistency and completeness were followed. A remote and on-site quality control method with remote quality control as the main and on-site quality control as the supplement is formed, with a view to providing ideas and reference for the quality control of registry research.
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Humans , Acupuncture Therapy , Clinical Trials as Topic , Reference Standards , Moxibustion , Quality Control , RegistriesABSTRACT
Objective::To explore the pharmacological mechanism of Xiao Xianxiongtang in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by network pharmacology. Method::The main active ingredients, corresponding targets and target genes of Xiao Xianxiongtang were searched on Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) website. Relevant target genes of T2DM were obtained through Gene Cards. The targets of drug active ingredients were mapped to the targets of T2DM, and the intersection targets were obtained as the predictive targets of Xiao Xianxiongtang on T2DM. Cytoscape 3.7.1 software was used to construct the drug active ingredient-intersection target network model and select the key active ingredients. Interactive protein-protein interaction network (PPI) was constructed by STRING website, and key target genes were selected. Gene function analysis (GO) and enrichment analysis based on the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway were performed on the intersecting targets using DAVID6.8 online tool. Result::Xiao Xianxiongtang had 30 active ingredients, 156 relevant targets, 14 key active ingredients and 18 key target genes on T2DM. GO analysis showed that the biological functions of Xiao Xianxiongtang in the treatment of potential genes of T2DM mainly involved transcriptional regulation, oxidative stress, protein binding and inflammatory reaction. KEGG pathway enrichment showed that the main pathways of Xiao Xianxiongtang in the treatment of T2DM were hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) signaling pathway, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway and thyroid hormone signaling pathway, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, tyrosine kinase receptor2(ErbB) signaling pathway, calcium signaling pathway and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Conclusion: Xiao Xianxiongtang is a multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway process in the treatment of T2DM. It plays an important role in the treatment of T2DM by regulating transcription, oxidative stress, protein binding and inflammatory reaction. Conclusion::The mechanism of Xiao Xianxiongtang in treating T2DM may alleviate insulin resistance, increase insulin sensitivity and reduce blood sugar by inhibiting the secretion of inflammatory factors, participating in anti-inflammatory response, reducing oxidative stress, increasing intracellular calcium concentration, blocking glucagon signaling pathway and activating PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Objective: To explore the mechanism of Dahuang Huanglian Xiexintang in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus based on network pharmacology. Method: Major chemical constituents, corresponding targets and target genes of Dahuang Huanglian Xiexintang were obtained by Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology(TCMSP), and target genes of type 2 diabetes mellitus were obtained by GeneCards. The target genes of drug and disease were mapped to predict target genes of Dahuang Huanglian Xiexintang for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cytoscape3.7.1 software was used to construct the compound-target network and protein-protein interaction network (PPI) of traditional Chinese medicine. Gene ontology (GO) analysis of potential genes and enrichment analysis of gene encyclopedia kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway were carried out using DAVID 6.8 online tool. Result: There were 17 active ingredients, 94 related targets, 17 key active ingredients and 16 key targets in Dahuang Huanglian Xiexintang on type 2 diabetes mellitus. GO analysis showed that the biological functions of potential genes of Dahuang Huanglian Xiexintang in the treatment of type 2 diabetes were mainly related to oxidative stress, apoptosis, protein binding, inflammatory reaction, et al. KEGG pathway enrichment results showed that the pathways of potential genes of Dahuang Huanglian Xiexintang in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mainly involved hypoxia inducible factor(HIF), tumor necrosis factor(TNF), phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/Akt), nuclear transcription factor-кB(NF-кB), and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) signaling pathways. Conclusion: Dahuang Huanglian Xiexintang is a complex process of multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It plays an important role in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus by participating in oxidative stress, apoptosis, protein binding and inflammatory reaction.
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Objective: To study the potential therapeutic targets of modified Taohe Chengqitang for type 2 diabetes mellitus based on network pharmacology. Method: Based on TCMSP database and Uniprot database, the active constituents and target genes of flavored modified Taohe Chengqitang were screened.Target genes of type 2 diabetes were screened by gene cards database and OMIM database, and Cytoscape software was used to construct " active component-target" interaction network diagram.The active component targets and disease targets were uploaded to the STRING database, the protein interaction network map (PPI) was constructed, and the characteristic values were calculated, and core genes were screened by using R language.Finally, R language was used to analyze gene ontology (GO) enrichment and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genome (KEGG) pathway enrichment of key targets. Result: The 155 active components and 106 effective targets of modified Taohe Chengqitangin the treatment of type 2 diabetes were predicted.Quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin were the most effective components, while estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1), peroxidosomal hyperplasia activates receptor gamma (PPARG) and androgen receptor (AR) were the most effective components.Core genes in PPI network areepidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)and ESR1, etc.GO enrichment analysis shows that it can affect gene transcription, nuclear receptor activity, hormone receptor binding, neurotransmitter, etc.Enrichment analysis of KEGG pathway showed that fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis pathways were the most significant pathways, followed by advanced glycation end products-receptor for AGE (AGE-RAGE) pathway. Conclusion: Predicted by the method of network pharmacology modified Taohe Chengqitang key targets for prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes and related pathways, results suggest the recipe has multiple targets, multiple pathways, such as complex mechanism, not only show that modified Taohe Chengqitang has hypoglycemic effect, but it also has anti-inflammatory, improve insulin resistance, regulate lipid metabolism, and biological functions.
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Objective To explored the risk factors of lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) by analyzing the data from the Surveillance,Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database.Methods The data of 31 017 patients with PTMC in the SEER database from 2002 to 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. Logistic and Cox regression analyses were used to explore the associations of the factors and the risk of lymph node metastasis in PTMC.Results Multivariate analysis revealed that male (OR=0.673,95%CI=0.605-0.748,P=0.001),age5 mm(OR=1.172,95%CI=1.153-1.191,P=0.001),follicular variant (OR=0.641,95%CI =0.574-0.716,P=0.001),and multifocal (OR=1.662,95%CI=1.516-1.821,P=0.001) and external thyroid extension (ETE) (capsular invasion OR=1.232,95%CI=1.183-1.543,P=0.001;minor invasion OR=2.119,95%CI=1.377-3.263,P=0.001;and gross invasion OR=2.546,95%CI=2.218-2.921,P=0.001) were significantly associated with central lymph node metastasis (CLNM). Multivariate analysis revealed that tumor size >5 mm(OR=1.112,95%CI =1.091-1.133,P=0.001),male (OR=0.36,95%CI=0.322-0.401,P=0.001),age5 mm),follicular variant-PTMC,ETE,and multifocality are the risk factors for cervical lymph node metastasis. Distant metastasis is associated with lateral lymph node metastasis. For patients at high risk of PTMC,prophylactic neck lymph node dissection is recommended.
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Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Carcinoma, Papillary , Pathology , Lymph Nodes , Pathology , Lymphatic Metastasis , Diagnosis , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , SEER Program , Thyroid Neoplasms , PathologyABSTRACT
AIM To observe the clinical effects and safety of Zibei Zhike Granules (Asteris Radix et Rhizoma,Ardisiae japonicae Herba,Fritiliariae cirrhosae Bulbus,etc.) for acute broncho-bronchitis with remained toxicity lingering lung.METHODS A multi-center,randomized,double-blinded,double-simulation and positive drug parallel controlled trial was adopted.Two hundred and forty cases of patients with the 1 ∶ 1 ratio were assigned to treatment and control group.The treatment group were treated with Zibei Zhike Granules and the control group were treated with Zikebao Tablets (Asteris Radix et Rhizoma,Citri rubrum exocarpium,Platycodi Radix,etc.).The treatment course lasted five days.RESULTS The total effective rate of acute broncho-bronchitis in the treatment group was 73.04％,and 54.78％ in the control group.There was statistical significance between the total effective rate of the two groups (P ＜ 0.01).The total effective rate of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome in the treatment group was 73.91％ and 60.86％ in the control group,and there was statistical significance between the total effective rate of the two groups (P ＜ 0.05).The treatment group showed better clinical effects in improving individual symptoms of cough and spitting sputum.CONCLUSION Zibei Zhike Granules has good clinical effects on acute broncho-bronchitis.
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AIM To observe the clinical effects and safety of Zibei Zhike Granules (Asteris Radix et Rhizoma,Ardisiae japonicae Herba,Fritiliariae cirrhosae Bulbus,etc.) for acute broncho-bronchitis with remained toxicity lingering lung.METHODS A multi-center,randomized,double-blinded,double-simulation and positive drug parallel controlled trial was adopted.Two hundred and forty cases of patients with the 1 ∶ 1 ratio were assigned to treatment and control group.The treatment group were treated with Zibei Zhike Granules and the control group were treated with Zikebao Tablets (Asteris Radix et Rhizoma,Citri rubrum exocarpium,Platycodi Radix,etc.).The treatment course lasted five days.RESULTS The total effective rate of acute broncho-bronchitis in the treatment group was 73.04％,and 54.78％ in the control group.There was statistical significance between the total effective rate of the two groups (P ＜ 0.01).The total effective rate of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome in the treatment group was 73.91％ and 60.86％ in the control group,and there was statistical significance between the total effective rate of the two groups (P ＜ 0.05).The treatment group showed better clinical effects in improving individual symptoms of cough and spitting sputum.CONCLUSION Zibei Zhike Granules has good clinical effects on acute broncho-bronchitis.
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Bladder cancer ( BC) is a fatal malignancy with considerable mortality, and can cause a serious threat to human health. The successful treatment of bladder cancer relies mainly on early detection. Biomarkers are vital to early diagnosis of bladder cancer, and metabonomics play an important role in biomarkers finding. In this study, we used 69 polar metabolites to select the appropriate separation system and develop the zwitterionic hydrophilic chromatography/mass spectrometry ( ZIC-HILIC/MS ) method. In this method, 50 representative compounds had broad linear ranges between 2-6 orders of magnitude. Moreover the limit of detection of the method was below ng/mL levels. The analysis for six serum samples prepared in parallel showed that this method had good reproducibility, and the RSDs of more than 85% metabolites were less than 30%. Based on this method, it was found that 35 metabolites had significant differences in BC group and healthy control. After screening and validation, the combination of chenodeoxycholic acid, eicosenoic acid, GPC, dodecenoic acid and cystine was a potential biomarker to distinguish BC and normal group. These results indicated that the ZIC-HILIC/MS method could detect diverse metabolites for metabolomic analysis purpose with good reproducibility and stability.
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Objective To provide reference for developing and perfecting the open resources of national-wide cancer genomics-related data by collecting, systematizing, organizing, sharing and applying the related data of the National Genome Atlas ( TCGA) Program. Methods The technical process, sharing and use of TCGA Program data were in-vestigated. Results TCGA established the whole linkage data management process by cooperating with multiple cen-ters, including tissue sample collection, processing, quality control, sequencing, characteristics analysis, data sharing and application of research achievements. The data were classified according to the related cancer, data types and their processing. The mutation, amplification and deficit of related cancer characteristic genes and the af-fected signaling pathways were studied according to the two sharing mechanisms underlying open access and con-trolled access to the collected data and individual data. Conclusion Studies on TCGA Program can provide experi-ences and reference in data management for the implementation of large scale TCGA Program.
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Objective To understand the situation of iodized salt consumption at the household level and non-iodized salt distribution in those areas with low iodized salt coverage.Methods In 2010,iodized salt was monitored in 31 provinces and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in accordance with the Monitoring Program of the National Iodine Deficiency Disorders (Trial) (hereinafter referred to as the Program) requirements.Under the jurisdiction of counties (cities,districts,banners) with more than 9 townships (towns,street offices),based on the location of east,west,south,north and center,9 townships (town,district offices) were selected using simple random sampling method; 4 administrative villages (neighborhoods) were selected in each township (town,district office); and 8 residents in each administrative village (neighborhood) were selected.Under the jurisdiction of counties (cities,districts,banners) with less than 9 townships (towns,street offices),based on the location of east,west,south,north and center,1 township(town,district office) was selected using simple random sampling method; 4 administrative villages(neighborhoods) were selected in each township(town,district office);and 15 residents in each administrative village(neighborhood) were selected.Iodized salt coverage rate,qualification rate of iodized salt and consumption rate of qualified iodized salt were calculated in various provinces.The salt samples were tested by semi-quantitative method on the spot and then tested with quantitative method in laboratories.The standard of qualified iodized salt was set as 20-50 mg/kg and that of non-iodized salt was set as ＜ 5 mg/kg (GB/T 13025.7-1999).Results In 2010,a total of 2862 counties(districts,cities and banners) and 14 divisions of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,reported the monitoring results,and the monitoring coverage rate was 99.79％(2876/2882).A total of 826 696 copies of edible salt samples were tested,the coverage rate of iodized salt was 98.63％,the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 97.95％,and the coverage rate of qualified iodized salt was 96.63％.At province level,only in Tibet iodized salt coverage rate was ＜ 90％.At county level,2755 counties qualified iodized salt coverage rate was ≥90％,and 33 counties iodized salt coverage rate was ＜ 80％.The counties with qualified iodized salt coverage rate of 90％ or more accounted for 96.63％(2785/2882) of the total counties.Conclusions The counties where non-iodized salt coverage is higher than 20％ mainly distributed in the western or coastal areas and adjacent areas with higher iodine.These areas need policy and funding support from governments at all levels to reducc the gap between these areas and other areas.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the national situation of quality and consumption of iodized salt at production and household levels.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Detailed surveillance method could be found in 'national iodized salt surveillance scheme', issued by MOH in 2004. The iodine concentrations in salt (except some special kinds of salt) were detected by direct titration with national standard of GB/T 13025.7-1999, in which the iodine content in qualified iodized salt was set as between 20 and 50 mg/kg and that in non-iodized salt was set as below 5 mg/kg.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At production level, the national lot qualified rate was 98.36% and all the provincial lot qualified rate of production level was over 90%. At household level, the national iodized salt coverage rate of household was 96.87% and the national qualified iodized salt coverage rate was 93.75%. 4 provinces (Tibet, Hainan, Xinjiang and Guangdong) had an iodized salt coverage rate lower than 90%. Further, the qualified iodized salt coverage rate of 5 provinces (Tibet, Hainan, Xinjiang, Guangdong and Qinghai) was below 90%. In 2006,80 counties did not conduct the iodized salt surveillance and non-iodized salt coverage rate of 185 counties was higher than 10%. In the respect of the qualified iodized salt coverage rate at household level, there were about 10 percent lagging behind the national goal that 95% of all the counties in China should achieve virtual elimination of iodine deficiency disorder before 2010.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>At national level,the lot qualified rate at production level and the iodized salt coverage rate at household level maintained comparatively well. However, at county level, there were 75 counties whose iodized salt coverage rate was below 70%.</p>
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Humans , China , Goiter , Iodine , Population Surveillance , Sodium Chloride, DietaryABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the situation of quality and consumption of iodized-salt at production and household levels through monitoring on salt.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>9 townships were chosen in each county at different locations. In each township, two villages were selected in the center of the township and another two villages in remote settings. In each village, 8 households were selected for salt collection. The iodine concentrations in salt (except some special kinds of salt) were detected by method of direct titration with criteria in GB/T 13025.7-1999, in which the iodine content in qualified iodized-salt was set as 20 to 50 mg/kg and that in non-iodized-salt it was below 5 mg/kg.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Except for Tibet and Xinjiang, lot qualified rate of production level was 97.39% at the national level. Except for Xinjiang, the qualified rate of iodized-salt of household level was 96.45%; qualified iodized-salt coverage rate was 93.47%; noniodized-salt coverage rate was 3.09%. The results of the iodized-salt monitoring in 2004 maintained almost the same level as that in 2002. At production level,lot qualified rate of iodized-salt in Sichuan and Qinghai provinces were below 90%. At household level the qualified rate of iodized-salt in Sichuan and Hainan were below 90%. The coverage rates of qualified iodized-salt were below 90% for the total 7 provinces. In 5 provinces, the non-iodized-salt coverage rates were above 10%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>At national level the qualification of iodized-salt at production level was satisfactory. The coverage rates of qualified iodized-salt were below 90% not only in western but in some eastern provinces(including Beijing), which indicated that importance should be attached to the western areas and some newly discovered areas with problems as well. Through continual improvement of qualified iodized-salt coverage, sustained IDD elimination will be achieved.</p>